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Ovarian cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. The ovaries are two small paired organs located in the lower abdomen. The two reproductive glands produce eggs and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Ovarian cancer mainly affects women over the age of 50 but can sometimes affect younger women.

CAUSES OF OVARIAN CANCER

Ovarian cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the ovary begin to multiply rapidly and form a tumor. If left untreated, the tumor can spread to other parts of the body. This is called metastatic ovarian cancer.

The following factors may increase the risk of ovarian cancer:

  • Advanced age, most cases occur after menopause
  • Family history, especially of a close relative (sister or mother)
  • Personal history of breast, uterine, or colon cancer
  • Presence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
  • Endometriosis
  • Excess weight or obesity
  • Some fertility drugs or hormone therapies
  • Smoking
  • Nullity (absence of births)
  • Exposure to asbestos
  • Use of talcum powder in the intimate area

SYMPTOMS OF OVARIAN CANCER

In most cases, ovarian cancer is diagnosed at an advanced stage. Only about 20% of cases are diagnosed at an early stage. This is usually because the symptoms of ovarian cancer mimic frequent stomach and digestive problems.

Main symptoms:

  • Constant bloating
  • Swollen abdomen
  • Pelvic or abdominal pain or cramps
  • Feeling full
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea
  • Frequent urination

Other symptoms:

  • Fatigue
  • Persistent indigestion or feeling sick
  • Constipation
  • Changes in menstruation
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Back pain
  • Vaginal bleeding
  • Weight loss

These symptoms can occur for several reasons and are not necessarily due to ovarian cancer. Symptoms will persist if they are due to ovarian cancer. Usually, the symptoms become more severe as the tumor grows.

Go to the doctor if you have one or more of these symptoms for a long time.

If you want to find out about psoriasis, check out our article on this topic: Psoriasis: types, causes, and symptoms.

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